Geotechnical Testing

Geotechnical testing is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about the soil and rock beneath a construction site to better understand its characteristics and how it will affect the project. This data is collected through site characterization, laboratory testing, and professional interpretation. The testing helps ensure that the project is designed and constructed safely and effectively for its intended purpose.

With that said, here are the four different types of geotechnical testing:

Trenching: This is a way of exploring the subsurface environment across a larger area than a single test pit. By digging a trench, it is possible to observe the changes in soil type and sediment as the trench progresses, allowing for the collection of soil samples for further lab testing or visual inspection. Trenching permits a better understanding of the subsurface conditions of the area in question than could be obtained from a single test pit.
Test pits: Test pits are a way to check the conditions of the land below the surface. A pit is dug with a machine to expose the ground beneath it to a specific depth. This is usually done to find a good spot to build a structure.
In situ testing is a way to investigate subsurface conditions which involves drilling, percussion-based investigation techniques, sonic vibratory drilling methods, and static direct push Cone Penetrometer Testing (CPT).
This type of testing provides more accurate data that can be used to inform geotechnical engineering and help reduce construction risk and cost. By understanding the different testing methods available and their advantages, businesses can expand and offer their clients a more accurate assessment of the subsurface conditions.
Borings are a method of exploring the ground below the surface. A drill rig and crew create a hole of varying diameters (typically 6” diameter). This allows soil and rock samples to be taken out and tested to determine their density. The samples are then sent to a laboratory to be analyzed. In addition, boring allows us to measure groundwater levels over time.
Depending on the nature of the project and anticipated risks, a combination of the four methods may be adopted for a project.

Geotechnical testing is examining the subsurface of a given area to understand the physical and chemical properties of the earth's materials, such as soil and rock, to determine the potential risks posed by site conditions.

This testing is used to evaluate the stability of slopes and soil deposits, design foundations, and monitor the construction of those foundations. It is also used to assess the risks associated with a given site, allowing engineers and designers to make informed decisions about construction projects.

Geotechnical engineers use various methods to determine the capacity of the soil to support a structure. One of these methods is the cone penetration test (CPT), which measures the resistance the soil can provide at the surface and below. Depending on the project's specific requirements, various foundation construction methods can be employed, such as piles, caissons, piers, drilled shafts, and earth-stabilized columns.

Geotechnical testing (in-situ and laboratory) is essential and fundamental for safe and sustainable construction of any building or structure. Each of these tests provides valuable insights into the properties of the soil, rock and other materials being used, allowing engineers to understand better and evaluate the materials' suitability for their intended use. The tests provide important data for the design and construction of buildings and other structures, ensuring their structural integrity, safety, and longevity.

At ZALIG, we offer a wide range of quality geotechnical, environmental, material testing, transport, survey and hydro-technical engineering services to clients in both the public and private sectors. Operating from our base in Western Canada, our industry-leading experts set the pace in various geotechnical, environmental, and construction service markets. If you need geotechnical engineering services in Edmonton, we've got you covered! Get in touch with us today and let's talk about your project!

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